Policing · European Union · 2026 edition
European Police Confidence and Rights Context Index
How much do people trust their police? Do they believe officers act fairly and answer for wrongdoing? This league combines those public assessments with the wider rights context.
Source periods: Eurobarometer 2026 · WJP 2023–2024 · V-Dem 2025.
- National systems
- 27
- Equal-weight pillars
- 5
- Public assessments
- 80%
- Rights context
- 20%
The league table
Compare the national systems
Finland leads this edition with 87.0 points, followed by Sweden and Luxembourg. Open a country to see the five-pillar breakdown, named services and oversight context.
Full index: five pillars, each weighted at 20%. The comparison column shows the four-pillar perception score.
Showing 27 of 27 national systems · Full index
| # | National policing system | Points / 100 | Band | Perception / 100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | FinlandPoliisi / Polisen · Rajavartiolaitos / Gränsbevakningsväsendet | 87.0 | Top | 84.0 |
| 2 | SwedenPolismyndigheten | 83.4 | High | 79.5 |
| 3 | LuxembourgPolice Grand-Ducale | 81.2 | High | 77.5 |
| 4 | DenmarkPolitiet / Danish Police | 81.0 | High | 77.0 |
| 5 | PortugalPolícia de Segurança Pública · Guarda Nacional Republicana | 80.2 | High | 76.6 |
| 6 | EstoniaPolitsei- ja Piirivalveamet | 79.8 | High | 75.3 |
| 7 | GermanyBundespolizei · Polizei Baden-Württemberg · +16 more | 78.8 | High | 73.9 |
| 8 | AustriaBundespolizei | 78.4 | High | 74.9 |
| 9 | NetherlandsPolitie · Koninklijke Marechaussee | 77.8 | High | 72.8 |
| 10 | LithuaniaLietuvos policija · Valstybės sienos apsaugos tarnyba · +1 more | 77.2 | High | 72.7 |
| 11 | LatviaValsts policija · Valsts robežsardze | 76.7 | High | 71.7 |
| 12 | FrancePolice nationale · Gendarmerie nationale | 76.1 | High | 71.6 |
| 13 | CzechiaPolicie České republiky | 75.4 | High | 69.7 |
| 14 | MaltaMalta Police Force | 74.0 | Moderate | 69.0 |
| 15 | SpainPolicía Nacional · Guardia Civil · +4 more | 73.7 | Moderate | 67.8 |
| 16 | IrelandAn Garda Síochána | 73.4 | Moderate | 67.4 |
| 17 | BelgiumPolice fédérale / Federale Politie · Police locale / Lokale Politie — local policing tier | 71.1 | Moderate | 64.4 |
| 18 | CroatiaPolicija / Croatian Police | 70.1 | Moderate | 63.5 |
| 19 | SloveniaPolicija | 68.8 | Moderate | 61.6 |
| 20 | ItalyPolizia di Stato · Arma dei Carabinieri | 68.3 | Moderate | 62.2 |
| 21 | PolandPolicja · Straż Graniczna | 67.9 | Moderate | 62.0 |
| 22 | RomaniaPoliția Română · Jandarmeria Română · +1 more | 67.1 | Moderate | 60.1 |
| 23 | GreeceΕλληνική Αστυνομία / Hellenic Police | 67.0 | Moderate | 60.5 |
| 24 | HungaryRendőrség / Hungarian Police | 65.5 | Moderate | 58.0 |
| 25 | BulgariaГлавна дирекция „Национална полиция“ / National Police · Главна дирекция „Гранична полиция“ / Border Police · +1 more | 63.1 | Moderate | 57.1 |
| 26 | CyprusΑστυνομία Κύπρου / Cyprus Police | 59.0 | Low | 49.2 |
| 27 | SlovakiaPolicajný zbor | 58.9 | Low | 51.9 |
No systems match these filters
Try another country or service name, or include all score bands.
Ranks and bands use unrounded totals; displayed points are rounded to one decimal. Small differences are not proof of meaningful differences in policing. The country profiles show both scores and the five-pillar breakdown.
How to read the results
Public assessments, plus rights context
Each pillar contributes up to 20 points. The first four describe people’s views of policing; the fifth describes wider conditions involving government agents.
- 20%
Trust
Whether people tend to trust the police.
Eurobarometer · 2026 - 20%
Integrity
Views of police lawfulness and corruption.
WJP · 2023–2024 - 20%
Treatment
Views of respect for basic rights and restraint in the use of force.
WJP · 2023–2024 - 20%
Perceived accountability
Beliefs about whether complaints are investigated and police lawbreakers are punished.
WJP · 2023–2024 - 20%
Rights context
An expert assessment of freedom from government torture and political killings.
V-Dem · 2025
What the fifth pillar adds
Rights context contributes between 17.40 and 19.78 points across these countries, so it barely separates EU systems. Compared with the perception-only league, nine countries change position and none moves more than two places.
Those differences come from the calculation. They do not describe improvement or decline over time.
Read beyond the position
A total can hide a weaker result on a particular pillar. Open the country profile to see the breakdown and the source dates.
Complaint investigation and punishment are measured through public beliefs. The index does not count actual sanctions, police misconduct cases or crimes solved.
All 27 entries
Country profiles and named services
Profiles retain the full-index score and show the perception-only comparison alongside it. Oversight descriptions are sourced context and receive no points.
Austria
Austria scores 78.4/100 and ranks 8 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (86.4) and perceived accountability is weakest (62.6). The 2025 rights-context component is 92.6/100. With this component, the country ranks 1 place below the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 83.0
- Integrity
- 86.4
- Treatment
- 67.4
- Perceived accountability
- 62.6
- Rights context
- 92.6
- Full index
- 78.4 points · Rank 8 · High
- Perception-only comparison
- 74.9 points · Rank 7
Principal services and official links
- Bundespolizei (opens in a new tab)Federal police; official portal of the provincial police directorates.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
EBM — Ermittlungs- und Beschwerdestelle Misshandlungsvorwürfe
A specialist investigation unit in the Interior Ministry’s Federal Bureau of Anti-Corruption (BAK); investigates alleged ill-treatment by federal police.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Austria: 2024-02-27 to 2024-04-09. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.926, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.901–0.972. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 77.9–79.3; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Belgium
Belgium scores 71.1/100 and ranks 17 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (77.3) and treatment is weakest (49.3). The 2025 rights-context component is 98.1/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 70.0
- Integrity
- 77.3
- Treatment
- 49.3
- Perceived accountability
- 61.0
- Rights context
- 98.1
- Full index
- 71.1 points · Rank 17 · Moderate
- Perception-only comparison
- 64.4 points · Rank 17
Principal services and official links
- Police fédérale / Federale Politie (opens in a new tab)Federal tier of the integrated police.
- Police locale / Lokale Politie — local policing tier (opens in a new tab)Official directory of local police zones; this record denotes a tier, not a single force.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Comité P / Comité P
A parliamentary oversight body with its own Investigation Department P, which also conducts criminal investigations.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab) · Additional source (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Belgium: 2024-03-01 to 2024-04-12. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.981, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.971–0.997. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 70.9–71.5; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Bulgaria
Bulgaria scores 63.1/100 and ranks 25 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (67.8) and treatment is weakest (49.4). The 2025 rights-context component is 87.2/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 54.0
- Integrity
- 67.8
- Treatment
- 49.4
- Perceived accountability
- 57.3
- Rights context
- 87.2
- Full index
- 63.1 points · Rank 25 · Moderate
- Perception-only comparison
- 57.1 points · Rank 25
Principal services and official links
- Главна дирекция „Национална полиция“ / National Police (opens in a new tab)National Police Directorate; territorial Interior Ministry directorates are not separately enumerated.
- Главна дирекция „Гранична полиция“ / Border Police (opens in a new tab)Separate national border-policing directorate.
- Главна дирекция „Жандармерия, специални операции и борба с тероризма“ (opens in a new tab)Gendarmerie, Special Operations and Counter-Terrorism Directorate; official directorate website.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Омбудсман на Република България / Ombudsman
The Ombudsman’s national preventive mechanism independently monitors detention, including places of detention within Interior Ministry structures.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Bulgaria: 2024-01-19 to 2024-02-24. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.872, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.822–0.931. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 62.1–64.3; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Croatia
Croatia scores 70.1/100 and ranks 18 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (68.4) and perceived accountability is weakest (54.7). The 2025 rights-context component is 96.3/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 68.0
- Integrity
- 68.4
- Treatment
- 62.9
- Perceived accountability
- 54.7
- Rights context
- 96.3
- Full index
- 70.1 points · Rank 18 · Moderate
- Perception-only comparison
- 63.5 points · Rank 18
Principal services and official links
- Policija / Croatian Police (opens in a new tab)National police, including its border-policing organisation.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Pučka pravobraniteljica / Ombudswoman
A parliamentary, independent rights institution that also acts as the national preventive mechanism protecting people deprived of their liberty.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Croatia: 2024-02-15 to 2024-03-28. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.963, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.946–0.990. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 69.7–70.6; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Cyprus
Cyprus scores 59.0/100 and ranks 26 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, treatment is strongest (55.4) and perceived accountability is weakest (41.3). The 2025 rights-context component is 98.2/100. With this component, the country ranks 1 place above the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 45.0
- Integrity
- 55.1
- Treatment
- 55.4
- Perceived accountability
- 41.3
- Rights context
- 98.2
- Full index
- 59.0 points · Rank 26 · Low
- Perception-only comparison
- 49.2 points · Rank 27
Principal services and official links
- Αστυνομία Κύπρου / Cyprus Police (opens in a new tab)Republic of Cyprus Police; official domain. Website can restrict automated retrieval.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
IAIACAP — Independent Authority for the Investigation of Allegations and Complaints against the Police
A statutory authority that appoints and supervises investigators into police allegations; possible criminal offences are referred to the Attorney General.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Cyprus: 2023-11-10 to 2024-03-20. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.982, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.972–0.998. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 58.8–59.3; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Czechia
Czechia scores 75.4/100 and ranks 13 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (79.2) and perceived accountability is weakest (60.3). The 2025 rights-context component is 98.5/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 76.0
- Integrity
- 79.2
- Treatment
- 63.2
- Perceived accountability
- 60.3
- Rights context
- 98.5
- Full index
- 75.4 points · Rank 13 · High
- Perception-only comparison
- 69.7 points · Rank 13
Principal services and official links
- Policie České republiky (opens in a new tab)National police; regional directorates are part of the same service.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
GIBS — Generální inspekce bezpečnostních sborů
A separate security-force inspectorate that investigates suspected crimes by police and other specified security personnel under Act 341/2011.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Czechia: 2024-02-26 to 2024-04-10. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.985, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.977–0.997. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 75.3–75.7; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Denmark
Denmark scores 81.0/100 and ranks 4 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, trust is strongest (93.0) and treatment is weakest (64.9). The 2025 rights-context component is 97.0/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 93.0
- Integrity
- 83.6
- Treatment
- 64.9
- Perceived accountability
- 66.4
- Rights context
- 97.0
- Full index
- 81.0 points · Rank 4 · High
- Perception-only comparison
- 77.0 points · Rank 4
Principal services and official links
- Politiet / Danish Police (opens in a new tab)National police and police districts.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Den Uafhængige Politiklagemyndighed (DUP)
Independent of police and prosecution; handles police-conduct complaints and investigates alleged crimes by police, including deaths and serious injury following police intervention.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Denmark: 2024-03-01 to 2024-04-23. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.970, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.956–0.992. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 80.7–81.4; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Estonia
Estonia scores 79.8/100 and ranks 6 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (92.2) and perceived accountability is weakest (65.0). The 2025 rights-context component is 98.0/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 77.0
- Integrity
- 92.2
- Treatment
- 66.9
- Perceived accountability
- 65.0
- Rights context
- 98.0
- Full index
- 79.8 points · Rank 6 · High
- Perception-only comparison
- 75.3 points · Rank 6
Principal services and official links
- Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet (opens in a new tab)Police and Border Guard Board.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Õiguskantsler / Chancellor of Justice
A constitutional rights and ombudsman institution that considers complaints about officials, including alleged ill-treatment in detention.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab) · Additional source (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Estonia: 2024-02-26 to 2024-04-11. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.980, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.970–0.997. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 79.6–80.2; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Finland
Finland scores 87.0/100 and ranks 1 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, trust is strongest (93.0) and treatment is weakest (74.2). The 2025 rights-context component is 98.7/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 93.0
- Integrity
- 90.8
- Treatment
- 74.2
- Perceived accountability
- 78.2
- Rights context
- 98.7
- Full index
- 87.0 points · Rank 1 · Top
- Perception-only comparison
- 84.0 points · Rank 1
Principal services and official links
- Poliisi / Polisen (opens in a new tab)Finnish Police.
- Rajavartiolaitos / Gränsbevakningsväsendet (opens in a new tab)Finnish Border Guard; included for its border-policing remit.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Eduskunnan oikeusasiamies / Parliamentary Ombudsman
Parliamentary legality oversight through complaints, own-initiative inquiries and inspections, particularly of institutions holding people deprived of liberty.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Finland: 2024-02-26 to 2024-04-14. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.987, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.981–0.999. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 86.8–87.2; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
France
France scores 76.1/100 and ranks 12 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (79.7) and treatment is weakest (63.4). The 2025 rights-context component is 94.3/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 75.0
- Integrity
- 79.7
- Treatment
- 63.4
- Perceived accountability
- 68.2
- Rights context
- 94.3
- Full index
- 76.1 points · Rank 12 · High
- Perception-only comparison
- 71.6 points · Rank 12
Principal services and official links
- Police nationale (opens in a new tab)National general policing service.
- Gendarmerie nationale (opens in a new tab)National gendarmerie with general civilian policing duties.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Défenseur des droits
An external rights institution that reviews compliance with professional ethics by police and other security professionals. IGPN and IGGN are internal inspection bodies.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for France: 2024-02-26 to 2024-04-16. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.943, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.922–0.980. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 75.7–76.9; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Germany
Germany scores 78.8/100 and ranks 7 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (84.5) and treatment is weakest (62.7). The 2025 rights-context component is 98.3/100. With this component, the country ranks 1 place above the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 83.0
- Integrity
- 84.5
- Treatment
- 62.7
- Perceived accountability
- 65.5
- Rights context
- 98.3
- Full index
- 78.8 points · Rank 7 · High
- Perception-only comparison
- 73.9 points · Rank 8
Principal services and official links
- Bundespolizei (opens in a new tab)Federal police; territorial general policing is primarily a Land responsibility.
- Polizei Baden-Württemberg (opens in a new tab)Baden-Württemberg.
- Bayerische Polizei (opens in a new tab)Bavaria.
- Polizei Berlin (opens in a new tab)Berlin.
- Polizei Brandenburg (opens in a new tab)Brandenburg.
- Polizei Bremen (opens in a new tab)Bremen city; Bremerhaven has a separate service within the Land.
- Ortspolizeibehörde Bremerhaven (opens in a new tab)Bremerhaven, within the Land of Bremen.
- Polizei Hamburg (opens in a new tab)Hamburg.
- Polizei Hessen (opens in a new tab)Hesse.
- Polizei Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (opens in a new tab)Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
- Polizei Niedersachsen (opens in a new tab)Lower Saxony.
- Polizei Nordrhein-Westfalen (opens in a new tab)North Rhine-Westphalia.
- Polizei Rheinland-Pfalz (opens in a new tab)Rhineland-Palatinate.
- Polizei Saarland (opens in a new tab)Saarland.
- Polizei Sachsen (opens in a new tab)Saxony.
- Polizei Sachsen-Anhalt (opens in a new tab)Saxony-Anhalt.
- Landespolizei Schleswig-Holstein (opens in a new tab)Schleswig-Holstein.
- Thüringer Polizei (opens in a new tab)Thuringia.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Polizeibeauftragter des Bundes beim Deutschen Bundestag
A parliamentary commissioner for complaints and structural problems involving federal police authorities. The remit does not cover all Land police; regional oversight arrangements vary.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Germany: 2024-03-01 to 2024-04-24. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.983, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.976–0.997. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 78.7–79.1; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Greece
Greece scores 67.0/100 and ranks 23 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (77.1) and treatment is weakest (51.5). The 2025 rights-context component is 93.3/100. With this component, the country ranks 1 place below the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 55.0
- Integrity
- 77.1
- Treatment
- 51.5
- Perceived accountability
- 58.3
- Rights context
- 93.3
- Full index
- 67.0 points · Rank 23 · Moderate
- Perception-only comparison
- 60.5 points · Rank 22
Principal services and official links
- Ελληνική Αστυνομία / Hellenic Police (opens in a new tab)National police; maritime-only Coast Guard excluded under the directory rule.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Greek Ombudsman — EMIDIPA
The Ombudsman’s national mechanism investigates alleged arbitrary incidents and monitors or reviews disciplinary investigations; it does not replace criminal prosecution.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab) · Additional source (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Greece: 2024-01-08 to 2024-04-04. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.933, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.906–0.974. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 66.5–67.8; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Hungary
Hungary scores 65.5/100 and ranks 24 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (68.7) and perceived accountability is weakest (47.9). The 2025 rights-context component is 95.5/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 63.0
- Integrity
- 68.7
- Treatment
- 52.3
- Perceived accountability
- 47.9
- Rights context
- 95.5
- Full index
- 65.5 points · Rank 24 · Moderate
- Perception-only comparison
- 58.0 points · Rank 24
Principal services and official links
- Rendőrség / Hungarian Police (opens in a new tab)National police, including border policing.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Alapvető Jogok Biztosa / Commissioner for Fundamental Rights
The general rights commissioner receives complaints about police measures through a dedicated police-complaints procedure.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Hungary: 2024-02-07 to 2024-02-29. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.955, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.938–0.988. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 65.2–66.2; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Ireland
Ireland scores 73.4/100 and ranks 16 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, trust is strongest (81.0) and perceived accountability is weakest (53.9). The 2025 rights-context component is 97.4/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 81.0
- Integrity
- 74.8
- Treatment
- 60.0
- Perceived accountability
- 53.9
- Rights context
- 97.4
- Full index
- 73.4 points · Rank 16 · Moderate
- Perception-only comparison
- 67.4 points · Rank 16
Principal services and official links
- An Garda Síochána (opens in a new tab)National police and security service.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Fiosrú — Office of the Police Ombudsman
Independent of An Garda Síochána and government; investigates complaints and serious incidents, with disciplinary or prosecution decisions taken by other authorities.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Ireland: 2024-02-01 to 2024-04-30. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.974, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.963–0.997. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 73.2–73.9; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Italy
Italy scores 68.3/100 and ranks 20 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, trust is strongest (72.0) and treatment is weakest (51.4). The 2025 rights-context component is 92.8/100. With this component, the country ranks 1 place below the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 72.0
- Integrity
- 71.9
- Treatment
- 51.4
- Perceived accountability
- 53.4
- Rights context
- 92.8
- Full index
- 68.3 points · Rank 20 · Moderate
- Perception-only comparison
- 62.2 points · Rank 19
Principal services and official links
- Polizia di Stato (opens in a new tab)National general policing service.
- Arma dei Carabinieri (opens in a new tab)Gendarmerie with general civilian policing duties; financial police excluded under the common scope rule.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Garante nazionale dei diritti delle persone private della libertà personale
An independent national detention monitor whose inspections include police custody rooms. Its remit is deprivation of liberty, not all police complaints.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab) · Additional source (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Italy: 2024-03-01 to 2024-04-01. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.928, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.906–0.967. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 67.9–69.1; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Latvia
Latvia scores 76.7/100 and ranks 11 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (81.8) and treatment is weakest (65.6). The 2025 rights-context component is 96.5/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 69.0
- Integrity
- 81.8
- Treatment
- 65.6
- Perceived accountability
- 70.5
- Rights context
- 96.5
- Full index
- 76.7 points · Rank 11 · High
- Perception-only comparison
- 71.7 points · Rank 11
Principal services and official links
- Valsts policija (opens in a new tab)State Police.
- Valsts robežsardze (opens in a new tab)State Border Guard.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Iekšējās drošības birojs / Internal Security Bureau
Separate from the State Police but supervised by the Interior Minister; investigates specified crimes by Interior Ministry personnel and certain violent offences by other services.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab) · Additional source (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Latvia: 2024-03-01 to 2024-03-31. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.965, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.948–0.992. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 76.3–77.2; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Lithuania
Lithuania scores 77.2/100 and ranks 10 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (82.1) and treatment is weakest (62.0). The 2025 rights-context component is 95.1/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 78.0
- Integrity
- 82.1
- Treatment
- 62.0
- Perceived accountability
- 68.7
- Rights context
- 95.1
- Full index
- 77.2 points · Rank 10 · High
- Perception-only comparison
- 72.7 points · Rank 10
Principal services and official links
- Lietuvos policija (opens in a new tab)Lithuanian Police.
- Valstybės sienos apsaugos tarnyba (opens in a new tab)State Border Guard Service.
- Viešojo saugumo tarnyba (opens in a new tab)Public Security Service; includes restoration of public order in special and emergency circumstances.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Seimo kontrolierių įstaiga / Parliamentary Ombudspersons
A generalist parliamentary institution that examines complaints about abuse of office and bureaucracy in public administration and carries out the national preventive mechanism.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab) · Additional source (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Lithuania: 2024-03-01 to 2024-04-21. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.951, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.932–0.983. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 76.8–77.8; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Luxembourg
Luxembourg scores 81.2/100 and ranks 3 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (87.7) and treatment is weakest (66.4). The 2025 rights-context component is 96.1/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 86.0
- Integrity
- 87.7
- Treatment
- 66.4
- Perceived accountability
- 69.9
- Rights context
- 96.1
- Full index
- 81.2 points · Rank 3 · High
- Perception-only comparison
- 77.5 points · Rank 3
Principal services and official links
- Police Grand-Ducale (opens in a new tab)National police.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Inspection générale de la Police (IGP)
External to the Police, but under the Home Affairs Minister and, for relevant functions, justice and judicial authorities; governed by the law of 18 July 2018.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Luxembourg: 2024-02-02 to 2024-02-23. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.961, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.940–0.988. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 80.8–81.8; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Malta
Malta scores 74.0/100 and ranks 14 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (78.3) and trust is weakest (63.0). The 2025 rights-context component is 94.1/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 63.0
- Integrity
- 78.3
- Treatment
- 70.5
- Perceived accountability
- 64.3
- Rights context
- 94.1
- Full index
- 74.0 points · Rank 14 · Moderate
- Perception-only comparison
- 69.0 points · Rank 14
Principal services and official links
- Malta Police Force (opens in a new tab)National police.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Independent Police Complaints Board
A statutory board that investigates conduct complaints, can summon witnesses and makes recommendations; possible criminal matters go to the Attorney General and Police Commissioner.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Malta: 2024-01-02 to 2024-03-13. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.941, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.915–0.982. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 73.5–74.8; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Netherlands
Netherlands scores 77.8/100 and ranks 9 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (84.4) and treatment is weakest (54.3). The 2025 rights-context component is 97.7/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 84.0
- Integrity
- 84.4
- Treatment
- 54.3
- Perceived accountability
- 68.6
- Rights context
- 97.7
- Full index
- 77.8 points · Rank 9 · High
- Perception-only comparison
- 72.8 points · Rank 9
Principal services and official links
- Politie (opens in a new tab)National police.
- Koninklijke Marechaussee (opens in a new tab)Royal Netherlands Marechaussee; included for civilian border-policing duties.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Nationale ombudsman
An independent, parliament-appointed ombudsman whose administrative complaint remit includes the police.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Netherlands: 2024-03-01 to 2024-04-17. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.977, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.965–0.995. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 77.6–78.2; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Poland
Poland scores 67.9/100 and ranks 21 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (70.3) and treatment is weakest (57.4). The 2025 rights-context component is 91.4/100. With this component, the country ranks 1 place below the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 60.0
- Integrity
- 70.3
- Treatment
- 57.4
- Perceived accountability
- 60.4
- Rights context
- 91.4
- Full index
- 67.9 points · Rank 21 · Moderate
- Perception-only comparison
- 62.0 points · Rank 20
Principal services and official links
- Policja (opens in a new tab)National police.
- Straż Graniczna (opens in a new tab)Border Guard.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich (RPO)
The Commissioner for Human Rights receives applications alleging breaches of rights by public authorities; this is general rights review, not a specialist police complaints commission.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Poland: 2024-03-01 to 2024-05-10. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.914, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.884–0.957. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 67.3–68.8; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Portugal
Portugal scores 80.2/100 and ranks 5 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, trust is strongest (85.0) and treatment is weakest (69.0). The 2025 rights-context component is 94.6/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 85.0
- Integrity
- 82.7
- Treatment
- 69.0
- Perceived accountability
- 69.6
- Rights context
- 94.6
- Full index
- 80.2 points · Rank 5 · High
- Perception-only comparison
- 76.6 points · Rank 5
Principal services and official links
- Polícia de Segurança Pública (opens in a new tab)Public Security Police; specialist Polícia Judiciária excluded under the common rule.
- Guarda Nacional Republicana (opens in a new tab)National Republican Guard with general civilian policing duties.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Inspeção-Geral da Administração Interna (IGAI); Provedor de Justiça
IGAI is an Interior Ministry inspectorate overseeing security forces and serious abuse allegations; the parliamentary Provedor de Justiça provides a separate generalist complaints route.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab) · Additional source (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Portugal: 2024-01-23 to 2024-04-02. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.946, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.921–0.979. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 79.7–80.8; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Romania
Romania scores 67.1/100 and ranks 22 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (66.2) and trust is weakest (53.0). The 2025 rights-context component is 95.5/100. With this component, the country ranks 1 place above the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 53.0
- Integrity
- 66.2
- Treatment
- 58.8
- Perceived accountability
- 62.2
- Rights context
- 95.5
- Full index
- 67.1 points · Rank 22 · Moderate
- Perception-only comparison
- 60.1 points · Rank 23
Principal services and official links
- Poliția Română (opens in a new tab)Romanian Police.
- Jandarmeria Română (opens in a new tab)Romanian Gendarmerie.
- Poliția de Frontieră Română (opens in a new tab)Romanian Border Police.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Avocatul Poporului
The People’s Advocate has a rights-review department whose remit expressly covers the military, justice, police and prisons.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Romania: 2024-03-09 to 2024-05-12. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.955, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.938–0.983. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 66.8–67.7; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Slovakia
Slovakia scores 58.9/100 and ranks 27 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (64.1) and perceived accountability is weakest (38.0). The 2025 rights-context component is 87.0/100. With this component, the country ranks 1 place below the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 63.0
- Integrity
- 64.1
- Treatment
- 42.7
- Perceived accountability
- 38.0
- Rights context
- 87.0
- Full index
- 58.9 points · Rank 27 · Low
- Perception-only comparison
- 51.9 points · Rank 26
Principal services and official links
- Policajný zbor (opens in a new tab)Police Corps; official Interior Ministry police page.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Verejný ochranca práv / Public Defender of Rights
An independent constitutional rights institution reviewing acts and omissions of public-administration bodies; a generalist route rather than a specialist police complaints authority.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Slovakia: 2024-02-07 to 2024-02-29. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.870, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.825–0.921. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 58.0–60.0; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Slovenia
Slovenia scores 68.8/100 and ranks 19 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (73.3) and perceived accountability is weakest (48.4). The 2025 rights-context component is 97.3/100. With this component, the country ranks 2 places above the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 64.0
- Integrity
- 73.3
- Treatment
- 60.8
- Perceived accountability
- 48.4
- Rights context
- 97.3
- Full index
- 68.8 points · Rank 19 · Moderate
- Perception-only comparison
- 61.6 points · Rank 21
Principal services and official links
- Policija (opens in a new tab)Slovenian Police.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Varuh človekovih pravic / Human Rights Ombudsman
An independent, parliament-elected institution reviewing rights complaints against public authorities and conducting inspections; it also acts as the national preventive mechanism.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Slovenia: 2024-02-26 to 2024-04-10. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.973, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.960–0.996. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 68.5–69.2; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Spain
Spain scores 73.7/100 and ranks 15 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (77.4) and perceived accountability is weakest (59.2). The 2025 rights-context component is 97.6/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 72.0
- Integrity
- 77.4
- Treatment
- 62.5
- Perceived accountability
- 59.2
- Rights context
- 97.6
- Full index
- 73.7 points · Rank 15 · Moderate
- Perception-only comparison
- 67.8 points · Rank 15
Principal services and official links
- Policía Nacional (opens in a new tab)National general policing service.
- Guardia Civil (opens in a new tab)National gendarmerie with general civilian policing duties.
- Mossos d’Esquadra (opens in a new tab)Catalonia’s autonomous police.
- Ertzaintza (opens in a new tab)Basque Country’s autonomous police.
- Policía Foral de Navarra (opens in a new tab)Navarre’s own police force.
- Cuerpo General de la Policía Canaria (opens in a new tab)Canary Islands’ own police force; narrower remit than some other regional services.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Defensor del Pueblo
A parliamentary rights ombudsman that also acts as the national preventive mechanism for places where people are deprived of liberty.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Spain: 2024-02-26 to 2024-04-17. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.976, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.966–0.994. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 73.5–74.1; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Sweden
Sweden scores 83.4/100 and ranks 2 of 27. Among the four public-assessment pillars, integrity is strongest (92.0) and perceived accountability is weakest (62.6). The 2025 rights-context component is 98.9/100. With this component, the country keeps the same rank as the perception-only league. The rights component concerns government agents broadly and cannot establish the record of any named force.
Five-pillar breakdown / 100
- Trust
- 92.0
- Integrity
- 92.0
- Treatment
- 71.3
- Perceived accountability
- 62.6
- Rights context
- 98.9
- Full index
- 83.4 points · Rank 2 · High
- Perception-only comparison
- 79.5 points · Rank 2
Principal services and official links
- Polismyndigheten (opens in a new tab)Swedish Police Authority.
These names describe the national system. The survey data do not provide separate scores for these services.
Review and oversight · Unscored context
Riksdagens ombudsmän (JO)
Independent parliamentary ombudsmen who review legality in public authorities through complaints, investigations and inspections.
Source for remit and institutional position (opens in a new tab)
Selected external review mechanism(s), not an exhaustive list of complaint, judicial or disciplinary routes. Remits and institutional positions differ.
Source dates and uncertainty
Trust: Eurobarometer, 12 March–5 April 2026. WJP fieldwork for Sweden: 2024-02-26 to 2024-04-11. Rights context: 2025, V-Dem v16. Force and oversight descriptions checked 2026-09-18.
The source rights estimate is 0.989, with reported lower and upper bounds 0.984–0.999. Varying only this component gives a full-index range of 83.3–83.6; survey estimates and weights are held fixed. This is not a confidence interval for the whole index.
Eurobarometer (opens in a new tab) · WJP data and codebook (opens in a new tab) · V-Dem definitions (opens in a new tab)
Which services are included? Principal national and distinct regional services with general public-facing, public-order or border-policing duties. Specialist investigative-only services and ordinary municipal forces are excluded. Belgium’s local policing tier is identified as a tier; Germany’s directory covers all 16 Länder. Read the full selection rule.